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<title>Mathurin Jacques Brisson</title>

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Mathurin Jacques Brisson

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mathurin Jacques Brisson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1723-04-30)30 April 1723 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Fontenay-le-Comte" title="Fontenay-le-Comte">Fontenay-le-Comte</a>, <a href="Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 1806(1806-06-23) (aged 83) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Croissy-sur-Seine" title="Croissy-sur-Seine">Croissy-sur-Seine</a>, <a href="First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Ornithologie</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a>, <a href="Ornithology" title="Ornithology">ornithology</a>, <a href="Entomology" title="Entomology">entomology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="College_of_Navarre" title="College of Navarre">College of Navarre</a>, Paris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author abbrev. (botany)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Briss.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Author_citation_(zoology)" title="Author citation (zoology)">Author abbrev. (zoology)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brisson</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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Mathurin Jacques Brisson (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style>French pronunciation: [matyʁɛ̃ ʒak bʁisɔ̃]; 30 April 1723 – 23 June 1806) was a French <a href="Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a> and <a href="Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosopher</a>.

Brisson was born on 30 April 1723 at <a href="Fontenay-le-Comte" title="Fontenay-le-Comte">Fontenay-le-Comte</a> in the <a href="Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> department of western France.<a href="#cite_note-swainson-1">[1]</a> His parents wished him to take ecclesiastic orders, but in 1747, he abandoned his studies,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-merland-3">[3]</a> and from 1749,<a href="#cite_note-merland-3">[3]</a> was employed by the wealthy French naturalist <a href="Ren%C3%A9_Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur" title="René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur">René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur</a> as the curator of a large private collection of objects related to natural history that de Réaumur kept at his ancestral home at <a href="R%C3%A9aumur%2C_Vend%C3%A9e" title="Réaumur, Vendée">Réaumur</a> in the Vendée.<a href="#cite_note-stresemann-4">[4]</a>

Brisson became interested in the classification of animals and was influenced by the works of <a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> and <a href="Jacob_Theodor_Klein" title="Jacob Theodor Klein">Jacob Theodor Klein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stresemann-4">[4]</a> His book Le Règne animal was published in 1756,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1756-5">[5]</a> and the highly regarded six-volume work Ornithologie was published in 1760.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1760-6">[6]</a>

The English ornithologist <a href="Alfred_Newton" title="Alfred Newton">Alfred Newton</a> wrote of Brisson's Ornithologie that it was "a work of very great merit so far as it goes, for as a descriptive ornithologist the author stands even now unsurpassed; ...".<a href="#cite_note-newton-7">[7]</a> For each species Brisson clearly indicated whether he had examined a specimen or whether he was relying on descriptions by other authors.<a href="#cite_note-newton-7">[7]</a> Although in Brisson coined a Latin name for each bird species, these do not conform to the <a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial system</a> and are not recognised by the <a href="International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN).<a href="#cite_note-allen-8">[8]</a> However, Brisson also introduced names for <a href="Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a> and these are accepted by the ICZN.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Linnaeus relied heavily on Brisson's work when updating his <a href="Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a> for the <a href="12th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="12th edition of Systema Naturae">twelfth edition</a> in 1766. Linnaeus added 386 bird species of which 240 were based exclusively on Brisson.<a href="#cite_note-allen-8">[8]</a>

De Réaumur died in 1757 and although in his will he left his large collection to the <a href="French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a>, it was instead absorbed into the "Cabinet du roi", the royal natural history collection in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-bruce-12">[12]</a> Brisson abandoned zoology and in 1762 succeeded <a href="Jean-Antoine_Nollet" title="Jean-Antoine Nollet">Jean-Antoine Nollet</a> as professor of physics at the <a href="College_of_Navarre" title="College of Navarre">College of Navarre</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-stresemann-4">[4]</a>

For a period of time, Brisson was an instructor of physical sciences and natural history to the family of the monarch.<a href="#cite_note-swainson-1">[1]</a> From 1759, he was a member of the <a href="French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-beauchet-13">[13]</a>

A significant work involving the "<a href="Specific_weight" title="Specific weight">specific weight</a> of bodies" was his Pesanteur Spécifique des Corps published in 1787.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1787-14">[14]</a> In his investigations of <a href="Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>, Brisson was opposed to the theories of <a href="Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a> and <a href="Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

He married Marie-Denise Foliot de Foucherolles on 24 April 1775. They had three children.<a href="#cite_note-beauchet-13">[13]</a>

He died on 23 June 1806 at <a href="Magny-les-Hameaux" title="Magny-les-Hameaux">Magny-les-Hameaux</a> near Versailles.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBrisson1756" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"> (1756). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9672666n?rk=64378;0">Le règne animal divisé en IX classes, ou Méthode contenant la division générale des animaux</a> (in French). Paris: Jean Baptiste Claude Bauche.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBrisson1760" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1760). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51902">Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (6 volumes and supplement)</a> (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.</cite> With uncoloured engraved illustrations by <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Martinet" title="François-Nicolas Martinet">François-Nicolas Martinet</a>.</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1769). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=esU-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3">Lettres de deux Espagnols sur les manufactures</a> (in French). A Vergera.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1781). Dictionnaire raisonné de physique (3 Volumes) (in French). Paris: Leboucher, Lamy.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k94847n">Volume 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k948480">Volume 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1513955n?rk=85837;2">Volume 3</a>.</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1784). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1513957g?rk=107296;4">Observations sur les nouvelles découvertes aérostatiques et sur la probabilité de pouvoir diriger les ballons</a> (in French). Paris: Le Boucher.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBrisson1787" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1787). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k94851w">Pesanteur spécifique des corps. Ouvrage utile à l'histoire naturelle, à la physique, aux arts et au commerce</a> (in French). Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1789). Traité élémentaire, ou principes de physique. Fondés sur les connoissances les plus certaines, tant anciennes que modernes, & confirmés par l'expérience (3 Volumes) (in French). Paris: Moutard.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b28776409_0001/page/n6/mode/1up">Volume 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b28776409_0002/page/n7/mode/1up">Volume 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b28776409_0001/page/n8/mode/1up">Volume 3</a>.</li>

<li>Trattato elementare ovvero Principi di fisica. Grazioli, Florenz 1791.</li>

<li>Die spezifischen Gewichte der Körper. Leipzig 1795.</li>

<li>Suplemento al Diccionario universal de física. Cano, Madrid 1796–1802.</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1797). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9648795r?rk=42918;4">Principes élémentaires de l'histoire naturelle et chymique des substances minérales</a> (in French). Paris: Fermin Didot.</cite></li>

<li>Anfangsgründe der Naturgeschichte und Chemie der Mineralien. Mainz 1799.</li>

<li>Instruction sur les nouveaux poids et mesures. Paris 1799.</li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1800). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9800592q?rk=128756;0">Élémens ou principes physico-chymiques, destinés à servir de suite aux principes de physique; à l'usage des écoles centrales</a> (in French). Paris: Bossange, Masson et Besson.</cite></li>

<li>Elements of the natural history and chymical analysis of mineral substances. Ritchie, Walker, Vernor & Hood, London 1800.</li>

<li>Tratado elemental ó principios de física. Madrid 1803/04.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brisson,_Mathurin_Jacques" class="extiw external" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brisson, Mathurin Jacques">Brisson, Mathurin Jacques</a>". <a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite></li></ul>

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<li id="cite_note-swainson-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swainson_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swainson_1-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFSwainson1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="William_Swainson" title="William Swainson">Swainson, William</a> (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40476611">Taxidermy : bibliography and biography</a>. Vol. -. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans. pp. 139–141.</cite> Note that page 141 is before page 140.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBirembaut1958" class="citation journal cs1">Birembaut, Arthur (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/rhs_0048-7996_1958_num_11_2_4400">"Les liens de famille entre Réaumur et Brisson, son dernier élève"</a>. Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de Leurs Applications. 11 (2): 167–169. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frhs.1958.4400">10.3406/rhs.1958.4400</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-merland-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merland_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-merland_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMerland1883" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Merland, Constant (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographiesvend02merl/page/1/mode/1up">"Mathurin-Jacques Brisson"</a>. Biographies vendéennes (in French). Vol. 2. Nantes, France: Vincent Forest & Émile Grimaud. pp. 1–47.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-stresemann-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stresemann_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stresemann_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stresemann_4-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFStresemann1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Erwin_Stresemann" title="Erwin Stresemann">Stresemann, Erwin</a> (1975). Cottrell, G. William (ed.). Ornithology From Aristotle to the Present. Translated by Epstein, Hans J.; Epstein, Cathleen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 53–54. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-674-64485-4</bdi>.</cite> Originally published by F. W. Peters in 1951 as Die Entwicklung Der Ornithologie von Aristoteles bis zur Gegenwart.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1756-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisson1756_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrisson1756">Brisson 1756</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1760-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisson1760_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrisson1760">Brisson 1760</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-newton-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newton_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newton_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFNewton1893–1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Alfred_Newton" title="Alfred Newton">Newton, Alfred</a> (1893–1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33017357">A Dictionary of Birds</a>. London: Adam and Charles Black. p. 9.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-allen-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allen_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allen_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFAllen1910" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Joel_Asaph_Allen" title="Joel Asaph Allen">Allen, J.A.</a> (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F678">2246/678</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHemming1958" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hemming, Francis, ed. (1958) [1911]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34612774">"Opinion 37: Shall the genera of Brisson's "Ornithologia," 1760, be accepted"</a>. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Vol. 1 Section B. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. pp. 87–88.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHemming1962" class="citation journal cs1">Hemming, Francis (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12220868">"Brisson, 1760 "Ornithologie" Proposed restriction on validation granted under the plenary powers to certain portions of that work Z.N.(S.) 702"</a>. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 19 (1): 9–14.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFChina1963" class="citation journal cs1">China, W.E. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12221684">"Direction 105: Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie: restriction to certain portions of that work of the validation granted under the Plenary Powers"</a>. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 20 (5): 343–344.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-bruce-12"><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_12-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBruce2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bruce, Murray (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0008unse/page/n18/mode/1up">"Foreword: A brief history of classifying birds"</a>. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 11–43 [18]. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-84-87334-50-4</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-beauchet-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beauchet_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-beauchet_13-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBeauchet-FilleauBeauchet-Filleau1895" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beauchet-Filleau, H.; Beauchet-Filleau, P. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairehist02beau/page/6/mode/1up">Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des familles du Poitou</a> (in French). Vol. 2. Poitiers, France: Oudin. p. 6.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisson1787-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisson1787_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrisson1787">Brisson 1787</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKnight1856" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Charles, ed. (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJtlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA923">The English Cyclopædia: A New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge</a>. London: Bradbury & Evans. p. 923.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20Jacques%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Brisson%2C%20M%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mathurin%20Jacques%20Brisson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mathurin%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M%2E%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mathurin%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mathurin%20Jacques%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mathurin%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20Jacques%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20Jacques%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brisson%2C%20M%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brisson%2C%20M%2E%20Jacques%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mathurin%20Brisson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mathurin%20Jacques%20Brisson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mathurin%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22M%2E%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mathurin%20Brisson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mathurin%20Jacques%20Brisson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mathurin%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22M%2E%20J%2E%20Brisson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20Jacques%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%20J%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mathurin%20Brisson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Brisson%2C%20Mathurin%22%29%20OR%20%28%221723-1806%22%20AND%20Brisson%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Mathurin Jacques Brisson</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/">Gallica</a> has a free digital download of Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques Ornithologia sive Synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates Leiden (1760–1763) in Microforme The French word for Search is Recherche.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/philsci/id/33183">Dictionnaire raisonné de physique, 2nd éd, Planches</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803205028/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/philsci/id/33183">Archived</a> 2020-08-03 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="Linda_Hall_Library" title="Linda Hall Library">Linda Hall Library</a></li></ul>

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